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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Role of Inflammation in the Co-occurrence of Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Lung Adenocarcinoma
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Circulating proteome for pulmonary nodule malignancy.

Elham Khodayari Moez1, Matthew T Warkentin1,2, Yonathan Brhane1

  • 1Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating protein markers show promise in distinguishing malignant from benign lung nodules found during screening. Further validation is needed before clinical use.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomarker discovery
  • Pulmonary nodule characterization
  • Lung cancer screening

Background:

  • Differentiating indeterminate pulmonary nodules is a challenge in lung cancer screening.
  • Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening is becoming more widespread globally.
  • There is a need for reliable methods to distinguish malignant from benign nodules detected during screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate circulating protein markers for differentiating malignant from benign screen-detected pulmonary nodules.
  • To develop protein burden scores (PBSs) for assessing nodule malignancy and imminent tumors.
  • To evaluate the association between PBSs and nodule malignancy in LDCT screening studies.

Main Methods:

  • Assayed 1078 protein markers using prediagnostic blood samples from 1253 participants across 4 LDCT screening studies.
  • Employed a nested case-control design and proximity extension assays for protein measurement.
  • Utilized multivariable logistic regression, random forest, and penalized regressions for data analysis, estimating PBSs.

Main Results:

  • Identified 36 informative circulating protein markers forming a biological network.
  • Ten markers were particularly relevant for predicting lung cancer within 1 year.
  • Increased PBSs were significantly associated with higher odds of nodule malignancy and imminent tumors, even in LungRADS category 4 nodules.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating protein markers can aid in differentiating malignant from benign pulmonary nodules.
  • Protein burden scores demonstrate potential for risk stratification.
  • Independent validation in a new cohort is necessary prior to clinical application.