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Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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How Do Expectations Modulate Pain? A Motivational Perspective.

Tao Liu1, Cui-Ping Yu2

  • 1The Second Teaching Hospital, University of Jilin.

Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science
|June 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Expectations significantly alter pain perception by influencing neural activity in the brainstem and cortex. The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is crucial in how these expectations modulate pain signals.

Keywords:
PAGappetitive/aversive motivationexpectationpainplacebo/nocebo effectreward

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Expectations play a critical role in modulating pain perception.
  • The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is a key brain region involved in pain modulation.
  • Understanding the neural mechanisms of expectation is vital for pain management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural activations associated with motivationally evoked expectations before and during noxious stimulus administration.
  • To elucidate the role of the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in descending and ascending nociceptive processes influenced by expectations.
  • To explore the psychological and neuronal substrates of pain modulation from a motivational perspective.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of neural activity in cortical and brainstem regions.
  • Experimental studies focusing on the modulatory effects of expectations on pain.
  • Utilizing a motivational framework to examine expectancy effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific neural activations in response to motivational expectations.
  • Demonstrated the involvement of the PAG in processing expected pain.
  • Highlighted the interplay between expectation, motivation, and pain perception.

Conclusions:

  • Expectations significantly modulate pain through neural pathways involving the PAG.
  • A motivational perspective offers new insights into pain perception and its modulation.
  • Findings have implications for both research and clinical approaches to pain management.