Training Characteristics and Competitive Demands in Women Road Cyclists: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Sports Science
• Exercise Physiology
• Cycling Performance

Background:

• Understanding training and competitive demands is crucial for optimizing performance in women's road cycling.
• Previous research has not comprehensively synthesized these factors for female cyclists.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically identify and analyze the primary training characteristics and competitive demands specific to women's road cycling.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was performed across 5 databases adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
• Included studies were primary research published after 1990, focusing on competitive female cyclists aged 15-50.
• Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and Oxford Levels of Evidence.

Main Results:

• Analysis of 20 studies revealed that women cyclists face higher external and internal training loads compared to men.
• Effective strength training programs involve velocity-based or heavy-load protocols 2+ days/week with 3-4 lower-body exercises.
• Altitude training using the 'Live High-Train Low' method enhanced performance for up to 9 days post-camp.

Conclusions:

• Women's road cycling entails greater endurance training and competitive demands than men's.
• Strength training efficacy depends on appropriate frequency, intensity, and exercise selection.
• Altitude training is most beneficial shortly before competition; higher-evidence studies are needed to define competitive levels better.