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Current practices in studies applying the target trial emulation framework: a protocol for a systematic review.

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This systematic review examines how target trial emulation is used with observational data to assess intervention effectiveness when randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are unavailable. It investigates study practices for real-world causal effect estimation.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Observational studies are crucial for estimating real-world causal effects when randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are not feasible.
  • Target trial emulation applies RCT design principles to observational data, creating a hypothetical trial framework.
  • This approach aims to enhance the validity of causal inference from non-experimental studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and investigate the practices of studies that apply the target trial emulation framework.
  • To understand how this framework is used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions using observational data.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive systematic literature search across multiple databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Library) and trial registries.
  • Inclusion of study reports and protocols utilizing the target trial emulation framework.
  • Data extraction on study design, data sources, analysis, results, interpretation, and dissemination, with dual reviewer selection and third-reviewer resolution.
  • Narrative synthesis of qualitative and quantitative data, guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) principles.

Main Results:

  • This section is to be populated upon completion of the review.

Conclusions:

  • This section is to be populated upon completion of the review.