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Rechargeable Potassium-Ion Full Cells Operating at -40 °C.

Jiangchun Chen¹, Dong An¹, Sicong Wang¹

¹School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|June 28, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed the first rechargeable potassium-ion full cell using hard carbon anodes for cryogenic energy storage. This innovation enables efficient low-temperature battery performance, overcoming previous limitations.

Keywords:

Full Cell Hard Carbon Low Temperature Potassium Storage Mechanism Potassium-Ion Batteries

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Energy Storage

Background:

Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) show promise for cryogenic energy storage.
Current low-temperature PIBs are limited to half cells with potassium metal anodes.
Developing rechargeable full cells faces challenges with anode materials and electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

To fabricate the first hard carbon (HC)-based low-temperature potassium-ion full cell.
To investigate potassium storage mechanisms in HC anodes at low temperatures.
To evaluate the electrochemical performance of HC-based full cells at -40°C.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a novel HC-based potassium-ion full cell.
Experimental analysis of potassium storage behaviors in HC anodes.
Theoretical analysis of potassiation mechanisms (defect adsorption, co-intercalation, nanopore filling).
Electrochemical testing at -40°C, including cycling performance and energy density measurements.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of the first HC-based low-temperature potassium-ion full cell.
Identified unique potassiation processes in HC anodes at low temperatures.
Achieved excellent cycling performance with HC anode capacity of 175 mAh g⁻¹ at -40°C (68% of room-temperature capacity).
Demonstrated impressive rechargeability and high energy density (>100 Wh kg⁻¹ cathode) at -40°C.

Conclusions:

The developed HC-based full cell represents a significant advancement for cryogenic PIBs.
The unique potassium storage mechanisms contribute to low interfacial resistances and high performance at -40°C.
This work overcomes key challenges in realizing rechargeable low-temperature PIBs.