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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers

Published on: November 9, 2019

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Right Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex Lengthens

Shan Yang^1,2, Ganbold Enkhzaya^1,2, Bao-Hua Zhu¹

¹RFIC Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Nonwon-gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|June 28, 2023

Summary

This study shows that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) can improve sustained attention in 3D virtual reality tasks. This brain stimulation technique enhances focus and decision-making in immersive environments.

Keywords:

event-related potential hierarchical drift-diffusion model right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex sustained attention transcranial direct current stimulation virtual reality

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Published on: June 6, 2025

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Virtual Reality Technology
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) tasks are limited by mind wandering due to current 3D graphics technology.
The right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC) is crucial for sustained attention in 2D tasks.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate attention.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of anodal high-definition (HD)-tDCS on the rVLPFC for 3D attentional tasks.
To develop and utilize a 3D Go/No-go (GNG) task to assess attention.
To compare the effects of real versus sham brain stimulation.

Main Methods:

Developed a 3D GNG task with periodic interruptions to measure subjective attention.
Tracked behavioral reactions and analyzed decision cognition processes.
Recorded electroencephalography (EEG) to calculate event-related potentials (ERPs) in the rVLPFC.

Main Results:

HD-tDCS significantly improved subjective attention levels.
Brain stimulation led to more cautious decision-making.
Enhanced neuronal activity in the rVLPFC was observed, indicated by increased neuronal discharging and P300 ERP component modulation.
Real stimulation effectively predicted objective outcomes compared to sham stimulation.

Conclusions:

Anodal HD-tDCS over the rVLPFC can enhance sustained 3D attention.
A combined approach of brain stimulation, 3D tasks, and performance analysis offers a robust method for studying and improving attention.
Findings suggest potential for VR applications requiring sustained focus.