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Long COVID in Children: A Multidisciplinary Review

Francesco Sansone1, Giulia Michela Pellegrino2, Antonio Caronni3,4

  • 1Unit of Paediatrics, Rovigo Hospital, 45030 Rovigo, Italy.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Long COVID affects children, causing issues in school and daily life. This review explores its impact, diagnostic tools, and proposes a multidisciplinary approach for pediatric Long COVID management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Public health

Background:

  • Long COVID is a persistent condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting adults and children.
  • Pediatric Long COVID presents with diverse clinical manifestations impacting daily activities and school performance.
  • The underlying pathophysiology and predictive factors for Long COVID in children remain largely undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current scientific data on Long COVID in children.
  • To highlight the impact of Long COVID on pediatric health and well-being.
  • To discuss diagnostic approaches and propose a multidisciplinary management strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary clinical review of existing scientific literature.
  • Assessment of respiratory, upper airway, cardiac, neurological, motor, and psychological aspects.
  • Focus on diagnostic markers and quantification of impairment.

Main Results:

  • Long COVID in children involves a wide spectrum of symptoms across multiple organ systems.
  • Diagnostic challenges exist due to the unknown pathophysiology and lack of specific biomarkers.
  • Current data suggests a significant impact on children's quality of life and development.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of pediatric Long COVID requires further research into its pathophysiology.
  • Early identification and intervention are crucial for managing Long COVID in children.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is essential for addressing the complex needs of affected children.

Keywords:
Long COVIDautonomic dysfunctionchildrengastrointestinallung functionneuroCOVIDotorhinolaryngologypsychological well-being

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