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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Forensic Age Estimation: A Multifactorial Approach in a Retrospective Population Study.

Monika Bjelopavlovic1, Sebastian R Reder2, Isabel Fritzen1

  • 1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Forensic age estimation accuracy in Germans improves by combining wisdom teeth and clavicle assessments using cone beam computed tomography (CT). This method enhances biological age prediction reliability.

Keywords:
Demirjian stagingclavicledental age estimationforensic age estimationforensic dentistryforensic scienceswisdom teeth

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Radiology
  • Odontology

Background:

  • Accurate forensic age estimation is crucial for legal and anthropological purposes.
  • Cone beam computed tomography (CT) offers detailed imaging for skeletal and dental analysis.
  • Previous studies have explored individual skeletal and dental indicators for age assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of combining clavicle and wisdom teeth assessments for forensic age estimation in a German population.
  • To determine the reliability of cone beam CT data in predicting biological age.
  • To compare the predictive power of individual indicators versus combined models.

Main Methods:

  • 161 cone beam CT datasets from individuals with known ages were analyzed by three raters.
  • Clavicle ossification was staged (1-5), and wisdom teeth were classified using the Demirjian method.
  • Inter-class correlation (ICC) assessed rater agreement; regression models predicted chronological age.

Main Results:

  • High inter-rater agreement was observed (ICCs 0.82-0.88).
  • Linear estimation overestimated age, particularly for individuals over 18, with the clavicle showing the highest overestimation.
  • Combining clavicle and wisdom teeth data significantly improved age prediction (R² increased by 14-15% for wisdom teeth).

Conclusions:

  • Forensic age estimation using CT is significantly enhanced by integrating wisdom teeth analysis with clavicle assessment.
  • Combined multi-indicator models offer superior predictive accuracy compared to single indicators.
  • This approach provides a more reliable method for determining biological age in forensic contexts.