Assessment of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk for dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes compared to healthy BMI-matched women of reproductive age: robust evidence exists supporting this notion. The presence of altered glycemic status in young women with the syndrome presents a distinct challenge for the clinician for several reasons. Firstly, the reported incidence of this disorder varies among the limited available studies. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus on the best screening method, which women to screen, at what frequency, and which strategies need to be implemented to reduce the above risk. We provide data regarding the prevalence of dysglycemia in young women suffering from PCOS and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disorder. In addition, we present evidence suggesting universal screening with the oral glucose tolerance test in young women with the syndrome, irrespective of age or BMI status, to identify and manage glycemic abnormalities in a timely manner. Regarding follow-up, oral glucose testing should be carried out at regular intervals if there are initial abnormal findings or predisposing factors. Finally, the efficacy of a well-balanced diet in conjunction with regular exercise and the use of non-pharmacologic agents in this specific population is discussed.