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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.1K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Three-Dimensional Bone Extracellular Matrix Model for Osteosarcoma
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Epigenetic Changes Associated with Osteosarcoma: A Comprehensive Review.

Luke Twenhafel1, DiAnna Moreno1, Trista Punt1

  • 1College of Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University, Englewood, CO 80112, USA.

Cells
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics offers new hope for osteosarcoma (bone cancer) treatment by identifying biomarkers for DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA. Understanding these epigenetic changes can improve patient outcomes and chemotherapy resistance.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigeneticshistone modificationnon-coding RNAosteosarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Osteosarcoma is a primary bone cancer affecting children and adolescents.
  • Current treatments have limitations, with a 5-year survival rate of ~60% for early-stage disease.
  • Debilitating treatments like amputation are often necessary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in osteosarcoma epigenetics.
  • To highlight epigenetic biomarkers associated with disease progression.
  • To explore the clinical applications of epigenetic profiles in osteosarcoma.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of current literature on osteosarcoma epigenetics.
  • Examination of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA.
  • Analysis of how epigenetic profiles predict patient outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Identified epigenetic biomarkers (DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA) linked to osteosarcoma progression.
  • Demonstrated the role of epigenetic targets in metastasis and chemotherapy resistance.
  • Showcased the potential of epigenetic profiling for predicting treatment response.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic research is crucial for understanding osteosarcoma.
  • Epigenetic biomarkers can guide diagnosis and treatment strategies.
  • Targeting epigenetic mechanisms holds promise for improving osteosarcoma patient survival and treatment efficacy.