Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation Neuromodulation and Digital Brain Technology: A Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Biomedical Engineering
• Computational Neuroscience

Background:

• Noninvasive neuromodulation research is advancing rapidly.
• Current noninvasive electrical stimulation technologies have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review research progress in noninvasive neural regulatory systems.
• To propose system design solutions and theoretical guidance for enhanced neuromodulation.

Main Methods:

• Overview of noninvasive neuromodulation history and system design.
• Discussion of limitations in current electrical stimulation.
• Proposal of closed-loop system design (time/space domains, multi-electrode).
• Review of "digital brain" development for targeted modeling.
• Development of personalized "digital twin brain" models using multimodal imaging and tissue segmentation.

Main Results:

• A closed-loop system design integrating time, space, and multi-electrode approaches.
• Creation of personalized "digital twin brain" models from multimodal imaging.
• Demonstration of visualized results and adaptive parameter regulation for neuromodulation.

Conclusions:

• Closed-loop systems and personalized digital twin brains enhance noninvasive neuromodulation.
• These advancements allow for adaptive, visualized, and individualized electrical stimulation.
• Improved accuracy and individual specificity in neural regulation are achieved.