In Rats, Whole and Refined Grains Decrease Bone Mineral Density and Content through Modulating Osteoprotegerin and
Hussein Sakr1, Zenat Khired2, Marzieh Moghadas1
1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.
Biomedicines
|June 28, 2023
Summary
An exclusive diet of whole or refined grains in rats led to reduced bone mineral density and content. This grain-heavy diet also altered bone turnover markers, indicating potential negative impacts on bone health.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Bone Biology
- Animal Models
Background:
- Wheat is a global staple food and a common component of animal feed.
- Dietary impacts on bone health are critical for understanding skeletal integrity.
- Bone turnover markers provide insights into bone remodeling processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of whole and refined wheat grain diets on bone turnover markers in rats.
- To assess the impact of grain-exclusive diets on bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD).
Main Methods:
- Thirty male rats were divided into three groups: control (chow diet), whole grains, and refined grains.
- Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in the tibia after 12 weeks.
- Blood levels of bone turnover markers including TRAP-5b, NTx, DPD, ALP, osteocalcin (OC), RANK, and OPG were analyzed.
Main Results:
- Rats fed exclusively whole or refined grains exhibited significantly lower BMC and BMD compared to the control group.
- Grain-fed rats showed decreased levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP).
- Elevated levels of RANK, deoxypyridinoline (DPD), Tartrate-resistant acid Phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b), and N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) were observed in grain-fed groups.
Conclusions:
- An exclusive diet of whole or refined wheat grains negatively impacts bone mass and density in a rat model.
- Grain-exclusive diets significantly alter key bone turnover markers, suggesting a catabolic shift.
- These findings highlight potential risks associated with diets lacking variety for bone health.
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