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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
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The dorsal...
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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Related Experiment Video

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Involvement of the Superior Colliculus in SIDS Pathogenesis.

Anna M Lavezzi1, Riffat Mehboob2, Francesco Piscioli3

  • 1"Lino Rossi" Research Center for the Study and Prevention of Unexpected Perinatal Death and SIDS, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Biomedicines
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) may involve the superior colliculus (SC) in the brainstem. Our study found SC developmental abnormalities in 69% of SIDS cases, potentially explaining arousal failure during sleep.

Keywords:
SIDSbrainstemmaternal smokingneuropathologyprone sleeping positionsuperior colliculus

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Author Spotlight: Unveiling Neural Coding and Mechanisms of Visual Processing in the Superior Colliculus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of post-neonatal mortality.
  • The pathophysiology of SIDS is not fully understood, but arousal failure during sleep is a key hypothesis.
  • The mesencephalic superior colliculus (SC) plays a role in motor control and arousal mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of the superior colliculus (SC) in the pathogenesis of SIDS.
  • To examine neuropathological changes in the SC of infants who died from SIDS compared to controls.

Main Methods:

  • Neuropathological examination of serial midbrain sections from 44 infants (26 SIDS, 18 controls) aged <7 months.
  • Detailed analysis of the cytoarchitectural organization and laminar arrangement of the SC.
  • Comparison of SC morphology between SIDS cases and controls.

Main Results:

  • The human SC exhibits a seven-layered structure, similar to animals but with some differences.
  • Alterations in the laminar arrangement of SC deep layers were observed in 69% of SIDS cases.
  • These SC anomalies included increased polygonal cells in superficial layers and more myelinated fibers in deep layers, absent in controls.

Conclusions:

  • The observed SC anomalies in SIDS cases suggest a potential link between SC developmental disorders and SIDS.
  • These findings may explain the failure of newborns to reposition their heads for breathing during sleep-arousal phases.
  • SC abnormalities represent a novel insight into the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying SIDS.