New Perspectives on the Role of Nuclear Proteases in Cell Death Pathways

Anastasia S Frolova1,2, Olga E Chepikova1,2, Anna S Deviataikina3

  • 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

Biology
|June 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Nuclear proteases regulate cell death pathways. Understanding these enzymes offers new therapeutic targets for selective cell death induction and improved treatment outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cell death is regulated by multiple factors and pathways.
  • Nuclear proteases are key regulators of cell death processes.
  • Many nuclear proteases remain poorly understood, hindering therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of nuclear proteases in various cell death types.
  • To identify novel pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention.
  • To highlight future research directions in nuclear protease-mediated cell death.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of nuclear proteases and cell death pathways.
  • Analysis of existing data on characterized and uncharacterized proteases.
  • Exploration of therapeutic strategies targeting nuclear protease activity.

Main Results:

  • Nuclear proteases play critical roles in diverse cell death mechanisms.
  • Targeting nuclear protease activity presents a viable therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions of many nuclear proteases.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear proteases are essential regulators of cell death.
  • Understanding these enzymes can lead to targeted therapies for specific diseases.
  • Further investigation into novel nuclear proteases will unlock new treatment possibilities.

Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
7.4K
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
6.6K
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
6.5K
Caspases01:24

Caspases

Caspase, a family of cysteine proteases, serve as effectors in apoptosis. The ced3 gene in C.elegans was first identified to be involved in apoptosis. This gene encodes the ced-3 caspase that is similar to the interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme or ICE in mammals. In addition to apoptosis, caspases also function in the inflammatory response. Inflammatory caspases are essential in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines that recruit immune cells and block the replication of pathogens inside...
12.6K
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
11.6K
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
3.5K