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Prevention of atherosclerosis in childhood

J L Cresanta, G L Burke, A M Downey

    Pediatric Clinics of North America
    |August 1, 1986
    PubMed

    Insights

    Early screening for childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors like high cholesterol and blood pressure is crucial. Identifying and managing these risks in children can prevent premature adult heart and brain conditions.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Atherosclerosis, characterized by fatty streaks and fibrous plaques, originates in childhood.
    • Childhood cholesterol and blood pressure levels are linked to the development of these plaques.
    • Elevated levels in children predict future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, especially with a family history.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To emphasize the importance of early screening for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in children.
    • To highlight the potential of childhood screening to prevent adult CVD.
    • To outline recommended screening protocols and interventions for pediatric CVD risk factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Annual physical examinations for children aged 5 and older.
    • Careful blood pressure measurements by two observers.
    • Determination of serum total cholesterol levels, plotted on standard percentile grids.

    Main Results:

    • Childhood atherosclerosis is linked to serum total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure.
    • Children with persistently elevated levels are at risk for premature coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease.
    • Screening is effective, simple, and inexpensive for identifying at-risk children.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatric screening for CVD risk factors is vital for primary prevention.
    • Early intervention, including lifestyle modifications and medication if necessary, can mitigate future adult CVD.
    • Pediatric health professionals play a key role in reducing the burden of adult CVD.

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