P2X7 Receptor and Extracellular Vesicle Release
Maria Teresa Golia1, Martina Gabrielli1, Claudia Verderio1
1National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 28, 2023
Summary
Activation of the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) triggers extracellular vesicle release from immune and brain cells, impacting inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. This process facilitates intercellular transfer of bioactive components, including misfolded proteins.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion channel prevalent in immune and brain cells.
- P2X7R activation is intrinsically linked to the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
- EVs mediate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules, including proteins.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current research on the role of P2X7 receptor activation in extracellular vesicle release.
- To discuss the implications of P2X7R-mediated EV release in disease pathogenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating P2X7R and extracellular vesicles.
- Analysis of mechanisms underlying P2X7R-induced EV release.
- Examination of the cargo and function of EVs released upon P2X7R activation.
Main Results:
- P2X7R activation promotes the secretion of non-classical proteins via EVs.
- EVs released through P2X7R signaling can transfer misfolded proteins between cells.
- This process is implicated in the progression of inflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions.
Conclusions:
- P2X7R is a key regulator of extracellular vesicle release and function.
- Dysregulation of P2X7R-mediated EV release contributes to disease.
- Targeting P2X7R may offer therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
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