The Thyroid Hormone Axis and Female Reproduction
Ethan D L Brown1, Barnabas Obeng-Gyasi2, Janet E Hall1
1Reproductive Physiology and Pathophysiology Group, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|June 28, 2023
Summary
Thyroid dysfunction significantly impacts female reproductive health, affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and leading to issues like infertility and irregular periods. This review clarifies these interactions and management strategies.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Reproductive Biology
- Gynecology
Background:
- Thyroid hormones critically influence the female hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis.
- Thyroid dysfunction is associated with various reproductive issues, including menstrual irregularities, infertility, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a foundational understanding of thyroid hormone interactions with the female HPG axis.
- To review the pathophysiology of thyroid dysfunction in relation to female reproduction.
- To offer clinical insights for managing thyroid dysfunction in reproductive-aged women.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the interplay between thyroid function and the female HPG axis.
- Analysis of existing research on reproductive dysfunction associated with thyroid disorders.
- Synthesis of clinical guidelines and insights for management.
Main Results:
- Thyroid dysfunction disrupts multiple levels of the female HPG axis.
- Common autoimmune conditions can affect both thyroid and HPG axes.
- Thyroid disruptions pose risks during prepartum and intrapartum periods, impacting maternal and fetal health.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of thyroid-HPG axis interactions is crucial for managing reproductive health in women.
- Effective management of thyroid dysfunction is vital for optimizing reproductive outcomes and maternal-fetal well-being.
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