Metabolic Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Prevention of Ovarian Aging: Data from Up-to-Date

Konstantinos Valtetsiotis1, Georgios Valsamakis1, Evangelia Charmandari1

  • 1Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 115 28 Athens, Greece.

Insights

This review explores metabolic pathways in ovarian aging and potential treatments like stem cells and caloric restriction. Understanding these links may extend female fertility and reduce reliance on artificial reproductive techniques.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Metabolic science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Female infertility and delayed childbearing are increasing healthcare concerns.
  • Ovarian aging significantly impacts female reproductive potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel metabolic mechanisms underlying ovarian aging.
  • To explore emerging medical treatments for ovarian aging and female infertility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent data on metabolic pathways and ovarian aging.
  • Examination of experimental stem cell procedures.
  • Analysis of caloric restriction, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, and mitochondrial transfer.

Main Results:

  • Metabolic pathways are intricately linked to ovarian aging processes.
  • Several novel treatments show potential in preclinical or experimental stages.
  • Understanding these connections offers new avenues for intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting metabolic mechanisms could prevent ovarian aging and prolong fertility.
  • Emerging therapies may expand the female fertility window.
  • This research could decrease the need for assisted reproductive technologies.

Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
63.9K
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
89
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
13.9K
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
592
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
14.6K
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.5K