Dendritic Cell Subpopulations Are Associated with Morphological Features of Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is the preinvasive form of breast cancer (BC). It is disputed whether all cases of DCIS require extensive treatment as the overall risk of progression to BC is estimated at 40%. Therefore, the crucial objective for researchers is to identify DCIS with significant risk of transformation into BC. Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells and as such play a pivotal role in the formation of immune cells that infiltrate in breast tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the density of DCs with different superficial antigens (CD1a, CD123, DC-LAMP, DC-SIGN) and various histopathological characteristics of DCIS. Our evaluation indicated that CD123⁺ and DC-LAMP⁺ cells were strongly associated with maximal tumor size, grading and neoductgenesis. Together with CD1a⁺ cells, they were negatively correlated with hormonal receptors expression. Furthermore, the number of DC-LAMP⁺ cells was higher in DCIS with comedo necrosis, ductal spread, lobular cancerization as well as comedo-type tumors, while CD1a⁺ cells were abundant in cases with Paget disease. We concluded that different subpopulations of DCs relate to various characteristics of DCIS. Of the superficial DCs markers, DC-LAMP seems particularly promising as a target for further research in this area.