Systemic Associations with Keratoconus

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Genetics
• Immunology

Background:

• Keratoconus is a bilateral corneal disease causing progressive steepening, thinning, and vision loss.
• The underlying mechanisms of keratoconus development remain largely unknown.
• Numerous systemic associations with keratoconus have been reported in medical literature.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize evidence linking keratoconus with specific systemic conditions.
• To discuss the implications of these systemic associations for keratoconus patients.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature search for associations between keratoconus and systemic diseases.
• Analysis of frequently cited conditions including atopy, Down syndrome, connective tissue diseases, and Diabetes Mellitus.

Main Results:

• Atopy, Down syndrome, and connective tissue diseases are frequently cited keratoconus associations.
• Diabetes Mellitus is increasingly studied as a potential protective factor against keratoconus.
• Evidence for and against these specific systemic conditions and keratoconus was evaluated.

Conclusions:

• Understanding systemic associations is crucial for managing keratoconus.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex relationship between systemic health and keratoconus.
• Diabetes Mellitus warrants further investigation as a potential protective factor.