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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Rarely Encountered Gram-Negative Rods and Lung Transplant Recipients: A Narrative Review.

Eric Farfour1, Antoine Roux2, Edouard Sage3

  • 1Service de Biologie Clinique, Hôpital Foch, 92150 Suresnes, France.

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|June 28, 2023
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Summary

Lung transplant recipients commonly harbor non-fermenting Gram-negative rods. This review details infections caused by rarer genera, excluding common culprits like Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplantation Immunology

Background:

  • Lung transplant recipients (LTR) are susceptible to respiratory tract colonization by non-fermenting Gram-negative rods (GNR).
  • Advances in molecular sequencing have expanded the known diversity of bacterial species.
  • Common GNR pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently studied, but less common GNR are underrepresented in LTR literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review bacterial infections in LTR caused by non-fermenting GNR, excluding commonly identified species.
  • To highlight emerging or less common GNR pathogens in lung transplant recipients.
  • To discuss clinical challenges associated with these rarer GNR infections.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of bacterial infections in LTR.
  • Exclusion criteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter spp., and Burkholderia spp.
  • Identification and analysis of reported non-fermenting GNR genera.

Main Results:

  • Non-fermenting GNR were identified in 17 LTR cases.
  • Involved genera included Acetobacter, Bordetella, Chryseobacterium, Elizabethkinga, Inquilinus, and Pandoraea.
  • These findings represent infections by less frequently encountered GNR in this population.

Conclusions:

  • Rarer non-fermenting GNR genera pose a risk to lung transplant recipients.
  • Challenges in detection, identification, antimicrobial resistance, pathogenesis, and cross-transmission require further investigation.
  • Clinical vigilance for a broader spectrum of GNR is crucial in LTR care.