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Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
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Programmable Complex Shape Changing of Polysiloxane Main-Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.

Yuhe Zhang1, Xiuxiu Wang1, Wenlong Yang2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed programmable liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) with 2D and 3D shape-changing abilities. These novel LCE materials offer reversible thermal-induced transformations for advanced applications.

Keywords:
mechanical programming processpolysiloxane liquid crystalline elastomerprogrammable shape morphingtwo-step crosslinkingtwo-way network memory

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit shape-morphing properties due to the interplay between liquid crystal (LC) anisotropy and polymer network elasticity.
  • Controlling LC alignment is crucial for directing LCE shape changes, but current methods often involve complex fabrication or have limited applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a polysiloxane main-chain LCE with programmable 2D and 3D shape-changing capabilities.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing methods for spatially modulating LC alignment in LCEs.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanical programming of a polydomain LCE using a two-step crosslinking process.
  • Characterization of the LCE's structure and shape-morphing behavior under thermal stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created a polysiloxane main-chain LCE with programmable 2D and 3D shape-changing abilities.
  • Demonstrated reversible, thermal-induced shape transformations between initial and programmed states.
  • The shape memory effect is attributed to the two-way memory established by the dual crosslinking network structures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed LCE material offers programmable and reversible shape morphing.
  • This advancement expands the potential applications of LCEs in areas like actuators, soft robotics, and smart structures.