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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
494
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

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Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
28.0K
Factors Affecting Solubility04:01

Factors Affecting Solubility

33.6K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
33.6K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

976
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Removal of Arsenic Using a Cationic Polymer Gel Impregnated with Iron Hydroxide
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Structured LDH/Bentonite Composites for Chromium Removal and Recovery from Aqueous Solutions.

Mitra De Geest1, Bart Michielsen2, Radu-G Ciocarlan1

  • 1Laboratory of Adsorption & Catalysis, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study demonstrates effective chromium removal using layered double hydroxide (LDH)-bentonite composites. The structured materials show high adsorption capacity and efficient regeneration for multi-cycle use in water treatment.

Keywords:
bentonitechromium abatementchromium recoveryclay compositeslayered double hydroxide

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Chromium contamination in water poses significant environmental and health risks.
  • Adsorption and ion exchange are key methods for removing toxic heavy metals like chromium.
  • Layered double hydroxides (LDH) and bentonite are promising materials for water remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and optimize structured calcined layered double hydroxide (LDH)-bentonite composites for chromium removal.
  • To investigate the adsorption kinetics and mechanism of Cr3+ and Cr6+ species.
  • To optimize the regeneration process for multi-cycle application of the adsorbent.

Main Methods:

  • Structuring of calcined MgAl-LDH/bentonite powders into granulates.
  • Optimization of LDH/bentonite ratio for Cr sorption.
  • Kinetic modeling (pseudo-second order) of adsorption and desorption.
  • Characterization using XRD and Raman spectroscopy.
  • Evaluation of regeneration efficiency through multiple adsorption-desorption cycles.

Main Results:

  • The optimal calcined adsorbent composition was 80 wt% LDH and 20 wt% bentonite.
  • High adsorption capacities were achieved: 48 mg/g for Cr3+ and 40 mg/g for Cr6+.
  • A pseudo-second order kinetic model accurately described both adsorption and desorption.
  • Regeneration using 2 M NaCl solution showed nearly 100% efficiency over five cycles.
  • XRD and Raman analyses confirmed successful chromium uptake and elucidated the adsorption mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • Structured MgAl-LDH/bentonite composites are highly effective for chromium removal from water.
  • The optimized adsorbent exhibits excellent recyclability, making it suitable for large-scale applications.
  • The study provides a robust method for chromium remediation with potential for industrial implementation.