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COVID-19 Impact on DTP Vaccination Trends in Africa: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso1,2, Sara Guillen-Aguinaga1, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga1,3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.

Vaccines
|June 28, 2023
PubMed

Insights

COVID-19 significantly disrupted childhood vaccination in Africa, leading to a decline in DTP3 coverage. This trend highlights the pandemic's impact on essential immunization programs across the continent.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunization Programs

Background:

  • Vaccine-preventable diseases remain a leading cause of mortality in African children.
  • Achieving high vaccine coverage is critical for reducing infant mortality rates.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems, potentially impacting routine vaccination services.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in DTP3 vaccine coverage in Africa from 2012 to 2021.
  • To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on DTP3 vaccination rates.
  • To identify specific regions and countries experiencing changes in vaccine coverage.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized UNICEF database records for DTP3 vaccine coverage data (2012-2021).
  • Employed joinpoint regression analysis to identify significant trend changes in coverage.
  • Calculated Annual Percentage Change (APC) and compared coverage between 2019 and 2021 using Chi-square tests.

Main Results:

  • Overall DTP3 vaccine coverage in Africa showed a positive trend (APC 1.2%) until 2019.
  • A significant decline in DTP3 coverage was observed from 2019 to 2021 (APC -3.5%, p < 0.001).
  • Decreased vaccination rates were noted in multiple Sub-Saharan African countries, particularly in Eastern and Southern Africa.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrably disrupted vaccine coverage across Africa.
  • There was a notable decrease in DTP3 vaccination rates in numerous African nations post-2019.
  • The findings underscore the vulnerability of immunization programs to global health crises.
Abstract

Keywords:
AfricaCOVID-19DTP vaccinehealthcare systemjoinpoint regressionvaccination ratesvaccine coverage

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