Risk Factors for Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and COVID-19 Disease-A Retrospective Study at a Major Saudi
Badi A Alotaibi1,2, Jehad A Aldali3, Hamzah J Aldali4
1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study found significant differences in lab results between COVID-19 patients with and without G6PD deficiency.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Infectious Diseases
- Hematology
Background:
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) insufficiency is a prevalent global enzymatic defect affecting over 400 million individuals.
- Emerging research indicates G6PD-deficient cells' susceptibility to human coronaviruses, potentially exacerbating COVID-19 severity due to the enzyme's role in oxidative stress metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on patients with G6PD deficiency.
- To compare laboratory parameters across patient groups: G6PD deficiency alone, COVID-19 alone, and co-occurring COVID-19 and G6PD deficiency.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study conducted at a major Saudi tertiary center.
- Comparison of hematological and biochemical parameters among three distinct patient cohorts.
- Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test.
Main Results:
- Significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed between the patient groups.
- These parameter variations suggest COVID-19's influence on these markers and their potential utility in assessing disease severity.
- Patients with G6PD deficiency showed a potential increased risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 may significantly alter hematological and biochemical parameters in patients with G6PD deficiency.
- These parameters can serve as indicators for COVID-19 severity in G6PD-deficient individuals.
- Findings support enhanced understanding and clinical decision-making for improved outcomes in co-infected patients.
Abstract:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) insufficiency is a common enzymatic defect worldwide; it affects over 400 million people and is associated with various disorders. Recent research suggests that G6PD-deficient cells are susceptible to infection by human coronaviruses, as the G6PD enzyme is involved in the metabolism of oxidative stress, which may enhance COVID-19 mortality. This retrospective study aimed to examine the effect of COVID-19 on patients with G6PD deficiency by comparing the laboratory parameters of patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency alone, COVID-19 alone, and those with both COVID-19 and G6PD enzyme deficiency treated at a major Saudi tertiary center. The results indicated significant differences in hematological and biochemical parameters between the three patient groups, indicating that COVID-19 may influence these parameters, and that they could be used to measure the severity of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, this study suggests that patients with G6PD enzyme deficiency may be at higher risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes. Although the study is limited by the lack of a random selection method for group membership, the Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used to statistical assess the data. The study's findings can enhance the understanding of the relation between COVID-19 infected and G6PD-deficiency patients and inform clinical decision making for an improved patient outcome.
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