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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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CoVigator-A Knowledge Base for Navigating SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Variants.

Thomas Bukur1, Pablo Riesgo-Ferreiro1, Patrick Sorn1

  • 1TRON-Translational Oncology at the Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz Gemeinnützige GmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany.

Viruses
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CoVigator is a new tool for tracking SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants and mutations. It provides an up-to-date list of mutations to aid global genome surveillance efforts.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Virology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, necessitated rapid vaccine development.
  • Emerging SARS-CoV-2 mutants pose a threat to vaccine efficacy and increase infectivity.
  • Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 mutations is crucial for tracking variants of concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive tool for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 genomic variants.
  • To create a publicly accessible resource for tracking mutations and variants.
  • To establish the largest known dataset of SARS-CoV-2 intrahost mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed CoVigator, a tool with a knowledge base, variant calling pipeline, and interactive dashboard.
  • Integrated data from the COVID-19 Data Portal and European Nucleotide Archive.
  • Focused on identifying intrahost mutations and visualizing variant data.

Main Results:

  • CoVigator provides a continuously updated knowledge base of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data.
  • The tool features a comprehensive variant calling pipeline and an interactive dashboard for data visualization.
  • A large dataset of SARS-CoV-2 intrahost mutations is made available to the research community.

Conclusions:

  • CoVigator serves as a valuable resource for global genome surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.
  • The tool aids in the early detection and tracking of genomic variants of concern.
  • Open access to CoVigator results supports worldwide efforts in understanding viral evolution.