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The Assessment of Long-Term Care Environments for Wayfinding Design.

Rebecca Davis1, Margaret Calkins2, Hui Cai3

  • 1Kirkhof College of Nursing, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Assessing wayfinding complexity in long-term care (LTC) environments requires multiple tools. Space syntax (SS), Wayfinding Checklist (WC), and Tool to Assess Wayfinding Complexity (TAWC) each have unique strengths and limitations for evaluating environmental design interventions.

Keywords:
dementiadesign researchpre–post designresearch instrumentsresearch measuresresearch methodologysenior livingsurveystools

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental psychology
  • Gerontology
  • Architectural design

Background:

  • Wayfinding is crucial for older adults' independence in long-term care (LTC) settings.
  • Environmental design, including structure, signage, and landmarks, significantly influences wayfinding ability.
  • Validated tools for assessing environmental wayfinding complexity are scarce, hindering intervention evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare three distinct methods for assessing wayfinding complexity in an LTC environment.
  • To evaluate these methods before and after an environmental design intervention.
  • To determine the suitability of space syntax (SS), Wayfinding Checklist (WC), and Tool to Assess Wayfinding Complexity (TAWC) for intervention studies.

Main Methods:

  • The study utilized three routes within a single LTC environment.
  • Three assessment tools were employed: space syntax (SS), Wayfinding Checklist (WC), and Tool to Assess Wayfinding Complexity (TAWC).
  • Data were collected and compared for pre- and post-intervention conditions.

Main Results:

  • Space syntax (SS) quantitatively measured route complexity using integration values, reflecting connectedness.
  • The TAWC and WC effectively identified differences in visual field scores following the environmental intervention.
  • Limitations included the lack of psychometric properties for TAWC and WC, and SS's inability to assess visual field design changes.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of assessment tools may be necessary for comprehensive evaluation of environmental wayfinding interventions in LTC.
  • Further research, including psychometric testing, is required to validate the TAWC and WC.
  • Reliable tools are essential for comparing environments and measuring the impact of design interventions on wayfinding.