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Naturalness and principle pluralism in conservation.

David Saltz1, Shlomo Cohen2

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Summary

The concept of naturalness in biodiversity conservation is debated, with differing views on integrity and autonomy. This study argues for a pluralistic approach, recognizing all valid principles for conservation decision-making.

Keywords:
Autonomíaautonomyecosistemaecosystemequilibrio reflexivoethicsintegridadintegrityreflective equilibriumresilienceresilienciaética

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Biology
  • Environmental Ethics
  • Ecosystem Management

Background:

  • The concept of naturalness in biodiversity conservation is ambiguous, leading to conflicting approaches.
  • Two main viewpoints exist: naturalness defined by ecosystem composition (integrity) versus freedom from human influence (autonomy).
  • Global changes and the concept of ecosystem resilience further complicate conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the polysemic nature of naturalness in conservation.
  • To reconcile the conflicting approaches of integrity and autonomy in ecosystem management.
  • To integrate resilience as a valid principle in conservation debates.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis of conservation principles.
  • Examination of conflicting viewpoints on ecosystem naturalness.
  • Development of a principle pluralism framework for conservation.

Main Results:

  • Autonomy, integrity, and resilience are identified as morally valid principles in conservation.
  • Full naturalness is recognized as an unattainable ideal.
  • Restoration and rewilding are framed as contrary-to-duty obligations.

Conclusions:

  • Principle pluralism offers a framework to accommodate integrity, resilience, and autonomy in a case-specific manner.
  • Naturalness, as an overarching value, can unify diverse conservation principles.
  • A nuanced, case-by-case approach is essential for effective biodiversity conservation decision-making.