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Published on: May 21, 2018
Role of Extracellular microRNAs in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Chenlu Xiong1, Xuan Huang2, Shibiao Chen1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center of Anesthesiology and Pain, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
Abstract:
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening pathological disease characterized by the damage of pulmonary endothelial cells and epithelial cell barriers by uncontrolled inflammation. During sepsis-induced ALI, multiple cells cooperate and communicate with each other to respond to the stimulation of inflammatory factors. However, the underlying mechanisms of action have not been fully identified, and the modes of communication therein are also being investigated. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of spherical membrane structures released by almost all types of cells, containing various cellular components. EVs are primary transport vehicles for microRNAs (miRNAs), which play essential roles in physiological and pathological processes in ALI. EV miRNAs from different sources participated in regulating the biological function of pulmonary epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and phagocytes by transferring miRNA through EVs during ALI induced by sepsis, which has great potential diagnostic and therapeutic values. This study aims to summarize the role and mechanism of extracellular vesicle miRNAs from different cells in the regulation of sepsis-induced ALI. It provides ideas for further exploring the role of extracellular miRNA secreted by different cells in the ALI induced by sepsis, to make up for the deficiency of current understanding, and to explore the more optimal scheme for diagnosis and treatment of ALI.
Insights
Extracellular vesicle microRNAs (miRNAs) are key communicators in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Understanding these EV miRNAs offers new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this critical condition.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Science
- Cell Biology
- Pathophysiology
Background:
- Acute lung injury (ALI) involves damage to lung barriers due to inflammation, particularly during sepsis.
- Cellular communication is crucial in sepsis-induced ALI, but mechanisms remain unclear.
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles released by cells, transporting molecules like microRNAs (miRNAs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the role and mechanisms of extracellular vesicle miRNAs in sepsis-induced ALI.
- To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EV miRNAs in ALI.
- To enhance understanding of intercellular communication in sepsis-induced ALI.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on extracellular vesicle miRNAs in sepsis-induced ALI.
- Analysis of miRNA transfer via EVs between different cell types.
- Investigation of miRNA regulatory functions in pulmonary cells.
Main Results:
- EV miRNAs from various cell sources regulate pulmonary epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and phagocytes in sepsis-ALI.
- EV-mediated miRNA transfer is a significant mode of intercellular communication in ALI.
- EV miRNAs show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for ALI.
Conclusions:
- EV miRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced ALI.
- Targeting EV miRNAs presents promising avenues for ALI diagnosis and treatment.
- Further research into EV miRNA mechanisms can optimize ALI management strategies.
