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This article reviews the historical mind-body relationship, suggesting that integrating biopsychosocial aspects and patient-centered care is crucial for effective treatment of psyche-soma conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Humanities
  • Psychosomatic Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The mind-body relationship has a long history in medicine, philosophy, and religion.
  • Psyche-soma dichotomy and psychosomatics have historically alternated as dominant clinical approaches.
  • Both historical models present benefits and limitations in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To historically recontextualize the mind-body relationship.
  • To offer evidence-based reflections on the clinical appropriateness of psyche-soma dichotomy and psychosomatics.
  • To explore integrated approaches for patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of the mind-body debate.
  • Analysis of current clinical approaches.
  • Integration of neuroscientific findings.
  • Consideration of biopsychosocial aspects of illness.

Main Results:

  • Neuroscience has reduced the perceived gap between psyche and soma diseases, revealing overlapping pathogenesis.
  • Viewing diseases holistically, encompassing biopsychosocial aspects, is essential to prevent therapeutic failures.
  • Current models offer both advantages and disadvantages in clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • The historical dichotomy between psyche and soma is increasingly challenged by scientific evidence.
  • A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach is necessary for effective patient care.
  • Patient-centered care, aligned with guidelines, offers a promising framework for unifying psyche and soma in clinical practice.