Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

347
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
347
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

1.1K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
1.1K
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

301
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
301
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

668
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
668
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

555
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
555
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

1.1K
Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Authors' Reply: Postoperative Hysterectomy Complications and Hemoglobin A1c Cut-offs.

Journal of minimally invasive gynecology·2026
Same author

Advancing Health Behavior Theories in Research and Practice.

European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education·2026
Same author

Improving Transitions of Care for Heart Failure Patients: A Novel Payer-Provider Partnership.

Quality management in health care·2025
Same author

Postoperative Hysterectomy Complications: Comparing Novel Versus Traditional Hemoglobin A1c Cut-Offs.

Journal of minimally invasive gynecology·2025
Same author

Prophylactic Vancomycin Leads to Fewer Device Removals in Sacral Neuromodulation.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2024
Same author

Process Mapping to Support the Implementation of a Regional Strategy to Address the Opioid Epidemic.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
09:29

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Published on: August 4, 2022

2.2K

Characterizing Opioid Use Disorder Encounters in the Midwest Region, USA.

Yifei Liu1,2, Suman Sahil3, Stacy L Farr4,3,5

  • 1University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Pharmacy, 1228 Health Sciences Building, 2464 Charlotte Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. liuyif@umkc.edu.

Advances in Therapy
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Opioid use disorder (OUD) encounters are more common in West North Central than East North Central, with longer stays and higher rates among males, African Americans, and in rural facilities.

Keywords:
Census divisionGeographic variationHealth factsOpioid use disorderPatient encounterThe Midwest

More Related Videos

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

9.7K
Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
09:29

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Published on: August 4, 2022

2.2K
High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
10:17

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 23, 2019

9.7K
Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence
09:54

Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Microfluidic qPCR to Analyze Transcriptional Profiles of Single Cells: A Systems Biology Approach to Opioid Dependence

Published on: March 8, 2020

5.3K

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The opioid epidemic significantly impacts the US Midwest.
  • The Midwest region comprises East North Central and West North Central census divisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize patient encounters for opioid use disorder (OUD) in the Midwest using the Health Facts® database.
  • To compare patient and facility characteristics between the East North Central and West North Central divisions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of the Health Facts® database.
  • Descriptive statistics and calculation of population-based OUD rates.
  • T-tests and chi-square tests for comparing patient and facility characteristics between divisions.

Main Results:

  • West North Central had more OUD encounters (76.3%) than East North Central (23.7%).
  • Higher encounter frequencies were linked to Caucasian, male, single patients, and rural facilities.
  • West North Central showed higher average patient age and longer length of stay (p < 0.001).
  • West North Central had a greater proportion of encounters involving males, African Americans, single patients, and rural facilities (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Opioid use disorder encounters are more frequent in West North Central compared to East North Central.
  • West North Central experiences longer average lengths of stay for OUD patients.
  • Specific demographic and facility characteristics, including male gender, African American race, single marital status, and rural locations, are disproportionately represented in West North Central OUD encounters.