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Related Concept Videos

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

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Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

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Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
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Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

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San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

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If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Experimental study on dynamic thermal responses and comfortable evaluations under bathing conditions.

Maohui Luo1, Shuang Xu1, Yin Tang1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.

Journal of Thermal Biology
|June 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Bathing in 40°C water for 40 minutes increases body temperature and heart rate, inducing relaxation. Thermal comfort initially rises then slightly declines, suggesting complex factors influence bathing satisfaction.

Keywords:
Bathing thermal comfortBathroom environmentDynamic thermal responseHuman factor

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Human Physiology
  • Thermal Comfort Studies

Background:

  • Understanding thermal comfort is crucial for designing healthy environments.
  • Bathing's physiological and psychological effects require detailed investigation.
  • Quantifying thermal comfort during bathing is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic thermal responses during bathing.
  • To determine comfortable boundaries under specific bathing conditions.
  • To compare bathing with showering in terms of thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Human subject experiments involving 40-minute baths at 40°C.
  • Collection of subjective questionnaires on thermal sensation and fatigue.
  • Monitoring of physiological parameters including skin/core temperature, heart rate, and brain waves (β and δ).

Main Results:

  • Increased whole-body thermal sensation, sweating, and fatigue relief.
  • Initial rise in thermal comfort followed by a slight decrease, settling at 'slightly comfortable'.
  • Elevated skin (2.0°C) and core (0.9°C) temperatures, 45% heart rate increase, and shifts in brain wave patterns indicating relaxation.
  • Bathing induced more intensive thermal stress than showering.

Conclusions:

  • Bathing significantly impacts physiological and psychological states, promoting relaxation.
  • Multiple factors influence bathing thermal comfort, necessitating better evaluation tools.
  • Findings offer insights for designing comfortable and healthy bathroom environments.