Immunometabolism and immune response regulate macrophage function in atherosclerosis.

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Immunology
• Metabolic Research

Background:

• Macrophages are central to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) progression.
• They maintain inflammation, promote plaque development, and facilitate thrombosis within lesions.
• Metabolic reprogramming and immune responses significantly alter macrophage functions throughout atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review how metabolic alterations influence macrophage function in atherosclerosis.
• To discuss the role of immune responses to oxidized lipids in macrophage function.
• To explore the link between aberrant metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on metabolic pathways.
• Analysis of immune responses to oxidized lipids.
• Examination of mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages.

Main Results:

• Metabolic shifts in glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipid metabolism regulate macrophage functions.
• Immune responses to oxidized lipids modulate macrophage behavior.
• Abnormal metabolism contributes to macrophage mitochondrial dysfunction.

Conclusions:

• Metabolic reprogramming is a critical driver of macrophage dysfunction in ASCVD.
• Targeting macrophage metabolism offers potential therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis.