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    Area of Science:

    • Optical physics
    • Polarimetry
    • Instrument design

    Background:

    • Light polarization provides valuable environmental information.
    • Accurate polarization measurement instruments are challenging, especially for harsh environments like space.
    • A novel compact, steady polarimeter design was previously introduced for single-shot Stokes vector measurement.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the quality of instrumental matrices in a novel polarimeter design under varying optical characteristics.
    • To analyze error propagation and the impact of noise on polarimetric measurements.
    • To determine the theoretical sensitivity limits of Stokes parameters based on optimal instrumental matrix shapes.

    Main Methods:

    • Simulations of a compact polarimeter design.
    • Analysis of instrumental matrix modulation efficiency.
    • Investigation of error propagation and noise effects.
    • Assessment of optical system characteristics (pixel size, wavelength, pixel count).

    Main Results:

    • Instrumental matrices demonstrated high modulation efficiency in initial simulations.
    • Matrices were found to converge towards an optimal shape across different optical characteristics.
    • Error propagation and noise impact were quantified, revealing their influence on measurement quality.

    Conclusions:

    • The compact polarimeter design shows robust performance with instrumental matrices converging to an optimal configuration.
    • The study establishes theoretical limits for Stokes parameter sensitivity.
    • This work advances the development of robust polarimetry for challenging environments.