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    We developed a miniaturized optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) using a laser differential structure to reduce pump light noise. This enhanced OPM design achieves a sensitivity of 17.5 fT/Hz1/2.

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    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Instrumentation
    • Quantum Optics

    Background:

    • Pump light fluctuation noise is a major limitation in single-beam optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs).
    • Existing OPM designs struggle to effectively suppress optical noise, impacting sensitivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a miniaturized single-beam OPM with improved noise suppression and enhanced sensitivity.
    • To mitigate the impact of pump light fluctuations on OPM performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a laser power differential structure to separate pump light as a reference signal.
    • Utilizing balanced homodyne detection (BHD) with dynamically adjusted current ratios for optimal noise suppression.
    • Integration of a real-time current adjustment circuit for adaptive noise cancellation.

    Main Results:

    • Reduced pump light-induced noise by 47% compared to the original design.
    • Achieved a magnetic field sensitivity of 17.5 fT/Hz1/2.
    • Quantified optical fluctuation equivalent noise at 13 fT/Hz1/2.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed laser differential structure effectively suppresses optical fluctuation noise in single-beam OPMs.
    • The dynamically-adjusted detection circuit enhances magnetometer sensitivity and performance.
    • This miniaturized OPM design offers a promising solution for sensitive magnetic field measurements.