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    Changchun Observatory developed a telescope array for space debris surveillance. A new method precisely detects geosynchronous (GEO) space objects by combining image differencing and trajectory association, achieving over 90% accuracy.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Space Surveillance and Tracking

    Background:

    • Wide-field optical telescope arrays, like the one developed by Changchun Observatory, offer advantages for space debris surveillance in the geosynchronous belt.
    • A major challenge with wide-field imaging is the high density of background stars, which complicates the detection of faint space objects.
    • Accurate tracking of geosynchronous (GEO) space objects is crucial for space situational awareness.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a precise method for detecting and positioning large quantities of GEO space objects from wide-field telescope array images.
    • To address the challenge of background star interference in space object detection.
    • To leverage the motion characteristics of space objects for improved detection.

    Main Methods:

    • The study divides the geosynchronous belt into smaller areas for sequential scanning.
    • A combined approach of image differencing and trajectory association is employed for object detection within subareas.
    • Image differencing filters out background stars and identifies potential objects, while trajectory association links detections to form object paths using the J2000.0 equatorial system.

    Main Results:

    • The developed method successfully detects GEO space objects with high precision, overcoming background star noise.
    • The trajectory association component achieved an accuracy rate exceeding 90%.
    • An average of over 580 space objects were detected per observation night.

    Conclusions:

    • The combination of image differencing and trajectory association is a feasible and accurate method for detecting numerous GEO space objects.
    • Utilizing the J2000.0 equatorial system enhances the positional accuracy of detected objects compared to pixel coordinates.
    • This approach significantly improves the efficiency and effectiveness of space debris surveillance in the geosynchronous belt.