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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
Published on: October 7, 2021
Nerve ultrasound for the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathies
Kalliopi Pitarokoili1, Ralf Gold, Anna Lena Fisse
1St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
Purpose Of Review:
The purpose if this review is to provide an overview of the available data on the use of nerve ultrasound for the diagnosis and follow-up of peripheral neuropathies.
Recent Findings:
During the last decade, nerve ultrasound has been established as a complementary tool for the evaluation of morphological changes mostly for immune-mediated polyneuropathies. Through the development of ultrasound protocols for evaluation of disease-specific sites, nerve ultrasound has proven to be a practical, widely available, reproducible diagnostic tool with no relevant contraindications.
Summary:
Cross-sectional area, echogenicity, morphology of the individual nerve fascicles, thickness of the epineurium, vascularization and mobility of the nerve are the main parameters evaluated with nerve ultrasound in polyneuropathies. Patients with typical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy show multifocal nerve enlargements easily visible on the upper extremities and the brachial plexus, whereas its variants show focal nerve enlargements. On the other hand, axonal neuropathies including diabetic neuropathy present with isolated nerve enlargement mostly in compression sites.
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Ultrasound I: Abdominal Ultrasonography
Abdominal ultrasonography, commonly known as abdominal ultrasound, is a vital, non-invasive medical imaging technique widely used in healthcare.
Procedure:
This diagnostic tool allows the clinician to visually inspect internal structures within the abdomen, including vital organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, and spleen.
The abdominal ultrasound process begins with applying a special gel to the patient's skin over the abdomen. This gel enhances the...

