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Microbiome and Behçet's disease: a systematic review.

Morgane Joubert1, Marc André2, Nicolas Barnich3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Gabriel Montpied Hospital, Clermont Auvergne University, Inserm U1071, INRAe USC2018, M2iSH, Clermont-Ferrand, France. m_joubert@chu-clermontferrand.fr.

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Behçet's disease (BD) patients exhibit gut dysbiosis, characterized by reduced beneficial bacteria and altered immune responses. Microbiome modulation, particularly with butyrate-producing bacteria, shows promise in improving BD symptoms and immune dysregulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with complex etiology.
  • The role of the microbiome in BD pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.

Approach:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane Library.
  • Sixteen articles were qualitatively synthesized to analyze the gut and oral microbiota in BD patients.
  • Animal models were used to investigate the functional impact of microbiome alterations in BD.

Key Points:

  • Gut dysbiosis in BD is marked by decreased butyrate-producing bacteria, altered tryptophan metabolism, and reduced anti-inflammatory bacteria.
  • Oral microbiota, specifically Streptococcus sanguinis, may play a role via molecular mimicry and NETosis.
  • Fecal microbiota transplantation from BD patients exacerbated autoimmune conditions in mice, while butyrate supplementation ameliorated symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiome significantly influences immune regulation and epigenetic modifications in Behçet's disease.
  • Targeting the microbiome, particularly with butyrate-producing bacteria, represents a potential therapeutic strategy for BD.
  • Further research into the intricate interplay between the microbiome and immunity in BD is warranted.