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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
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Taxonomy is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. It uses a hierarchy of increasingly inclusive categories with Latin names. The smallest units of taxonomy, species and genus, are used to assign a formal, taxonomic name to each species in a system. This classification system, referred to as binomial nomenclature, was formalized by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century.
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Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
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Exploring the Xylariaceae and its relatives.

Nuttika Suwannasai1, Ek Sangvichien2, Cherdchai Phosri3

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana District, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.

Botanical Studies
|June 29, 2023
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Summary

The Xylariaceae family, part of the Ascomycota, is globally recognized for its diverse species. These fungi exhibit significant ecological roles and produce novel bioactive metabolites.

Keywords:
Chemical profilesEcological aspectsEndophytesHost and habitat preferencesPlant diseasesSystematicsXylariaceaeXylariales

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Fungal Diversity
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Xylariaceae family represents a well-known group within the Ascomycota.
  • These fungi are noted for their widespread occurrence and ecological importance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the recognized diversity of the Xylariaceae.
  • To emphasize their global distribution and ecological activities.
  • To underscore the significance of their novel metabolites and bioactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of Xylariaceae research.
  • Analysis of global distribution data.
  • Assessment of reported ecological roles.
  • Review of metabolite production and bioactivity studies.

Main Results:

  • The Xylariaceae exhibit considerable species diversity.
  • They are found globally across various ecosystems.
  • Their ecological functions are significant.
  • Numerous novel metabolites with broad bioactivity have been identified.

Conclusions:

  • The Xylariaceae are a diverse and globally distributed fungal group.
  • They play crucial ecological roles.
  • Their novel metabolites possess significant bioactivity, warranting further investigation.