Fast soft-tissue deformations coupled with mixed reality toward the next-generation childbirth training simulator

Area of Science:

• Medical Simulation and Training
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality Technologies

Background:

• Current physical and virtual childbirth simulators have limitations in realism and objective assessment.
• High-quality training is crucial for reducing maternal and fetal complications.
• Need for advanced tools to enhance gynecologist and midwife proficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an interactive virtual childbirth simulator using Mixed Reality (MR) and Hyperelastic Mass-Spring Model (HyperMSM) for real-time soft-tissue deformation.
• To provide intuitive user interaction and objective performance assessment for trainees.
• To enhance the realism of obstetric training simulations.

Main Methods:

• Development of an MR childbirth simulator using Microsoft HoloLens 2.
• Creation of a holographic obstetric model with a maternal pelvis system and fetus.
• Application of HyperMSM for simulating soft tissue deformations and implementing a free-hand interaction model.

Main Results:

• The MR simulation application achieved real-time performance (30-50 FPS) on the HoloLens device.
• HyperMSM model validation showed high correlation with Finite Element (FE) outcomes for soft tissue displacement and energy density.
• Experimental tests confirmed the system's ability to simulate realistic responses to user maneuvers, including the 'Viennese' technique, with objective performance metrics.

Conclusions:

• The developed MR childbirth simulator offers an immersive, interactive experience with real-time feedback and objective assessment capabilities.
• This technology provides a novel approach to obstetric training, enhancing trainee performance and potentially reducing complications.
• Future work includes enhancing models and integrating more complex delivery scenarios and stages of labor.