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Related Concept Videos

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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
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Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
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Somnambulism, commonly known as sleepwalking, involves individuals engaging in activities ranging from simple walking to more complex behaviors such as driving. Sleepwalking typically occurs during the slow-wave sleep stages 3 and 4 early in the night when the person is not dreaming, contradicting the myth that sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Multi-Modal Home Sleep Monitoring in Older Adults
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Sleep Problems Associate With Multimorbidity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Yaguan Zhou1, Yichen Jin1, Yi Zhu1,2

  • 1School of Public Health and the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.

Public Health Reviews
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Short sleep duration, long sleep duration, and insomnia are linked to higher chances of developing multimorbidity. Further research is needed for other sleep issues like snoring and sleep apnea.

Keywords:
aginginsomniamultimorbiditysleep durationsleep problems

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Multimorbidity, the presence of multiple chronic conditions, poses a significant public health challenge.
  • Understanding the factors contributing to multimorbidity is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies.
  • Sleep problems represent a potentially modifiable risk factor for developing multiple health conditions.

Approach:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evidence on the association between various sleep problems and multimorbidity.
  • Data from 17 observational studies, encompassing 133,575 participants, were analyzed using a random-effects model.
  • Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for sleep duration and insomnia.

Key Points:

  • Short sleep duration (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.24-1.80) and insomnia (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.85-3.46) were significantly associated with increased odds of multimorbidity.
  • Long sleep duration also showed a positive association with multimorbidity (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11-1.44).
  • Evidence regarding the association of snoring, poor sleep quality, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and restless legs syndrome (RLS) with multimorbidity remains inconclusive due to limited comparable studies.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormal sleep duration and insomnia are robustly linked to a higher likelihood of multimorbidity.
  • Targeting sleep problems through interventions may offer a promising avenue for improving the management of multimorbidity.
  • Further high-quality research is warranted to clarify the associations between other sleep disturbances and multimorbidity.