Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla after orthognathic surgery: A case report

Surgical ciliated cysts are rare benign cystic lesions that generally occur a number of years after invasive surgical procedures or trauma involving the maxilla. The appearance of this cyst after orthognathic surgery is a complication that has rarely been reported. It usually shows as a well-defined radiolucency in the maxilla in young adults mimicking other maxillary cysts. Therefore, an exhaustive clinical-radiological diagnosis is needed to establish its differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The present study describes the case of a surgical ciliated cyst that appeared 20 years after LeFort I orthognathic surgery. Treatment consisted of complete enucleation with primary closure and removal of osteosynthesis material. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a maxillary cyst lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells. Clinicians should be aware of this rare type of cyst in patients with a history of maxillary surgery or trauma to establish a differential diagnosis and ensure appropriate management.