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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

Aneurysm I: Introduction

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

26
Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Related Experiment Video

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Novel and Innovative Hybrid Technique for Type A Aortic Dissection
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Relationship between intralobar pulmonary sequestration and type A aortic dissection: A case report.

Yi-Jie Wang1, Ying-Yi Chen2, Gang-Hua Lin3

  • 1Department of Surgery, Tri Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.

World Journal of Clinical Cases
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary sequestration can lead to aortic dissection through chronic infection. This case highlights the rare link between lung sequestration and vasculitis, potentially causing aortic syndromes.

Keywords:
Acute aortic dissectionCase reportInfectionIntralobar pulmonary sequestrationMedium and large vessel vasculitis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Pulmonary Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lung malformation associated with complications like infection and hemoptysis.
  • Medium and large vessel vasculitis is an uncommon complication of pulmonary sequestration, often leading to acute aortic syndromes.

Observation:

  • A 44-year-old male with a history of Stanford type A aortic dissection presented with intermittent chest tightness.
  • Imaging revealed an intralobar pulmonary sequestration with signs of mild vasculitis.
  • Surgical resection of the sequestration showed adhesion to the thoracic aorta and signs of chronic inflammation.

Findings:

  • The intralobar pulmonary sequestration was associated with Mycobacterium avium-intracellular complex and Aspergillus infections.
  • Histopathology confirmed hypervascularity, bronchial engorgement, and adhesion to the thoracic aorta.
  • The findings suggest a potential link between chronic sequestration-related infection and aortic pathology.

Implications:

  • Chronic infection from pulmonary sequestration may lead to focal infectious aortitis.
  • This process could potentially exacerbate the formation or progression of aortic dissection.
  • This case underscores the importance of considering rare complications in managing pulmonary sequestration.