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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Synthetic Cell-Based Immunotherapies for Neurologic Diseases.

Louisa von Baumgarten1, Hans J Stauss1, Jan D Lünemann2

  • 1From the Department of Neurosurgery (L.v.B.), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany; Division of Infection & Immunity (H.J.S.), UCL Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, London, UK; and Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.D.L.), University Hospital Münster, Germany.

Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Engineered T-cell immunotherapies show promise for treating neurologic diseases by targeting specific cells or modulating inflammation. Further research is needed to overcome challenges for clinical implementation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Genetically engineered T cells have shown success in treating blood cancers.
  • This success has driven the development of cell-based immunotherapies for nervous system disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential and challenges of engineered cellular immunotherapies for neurologic diseases.
  • To review current clinical trials and future prospects for these novel therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical trial data on engineered T-cell therapies for neurologic conditions.
  • Discussion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and chimeric autoantibody receptor (CAAR) T cells.
  • Exploration of synthetic antigen-specific regulatory T cells for localized immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Engineered T cells offer potential for high efficacy and tissue penetration in treating CNS lymphoma, brain tumors, and autoimmune disorders like multiple sclerosis.
  • CAR T cells can effectively deplete target cells, while CAAR T cells selectively eliminate autoreactive B cells.
  • Synthetic regulatory T cells show promise for reducing inflammation and delivering neuroprotective factors in brain diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered cellular immunotherapies represent a promising frontier for treating a range of neurologic diseases.
  • Clinical development requires addressing specific prospects and bottlenecks for successful implementation.
  • These advanced therapies offer new hope where conventional treatments are limited.