Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

566
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
566
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

4.0K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
4.0K
Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

36.7K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
36.7K
Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

3.1K
The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
3.1K
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

687
Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
687
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

1.1K
The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Upregulation of reward mesolimbic activity and immune response to vaccination: a randomized controlled trial.

Nature medicine·2026
Same author

Retrieval of conditioned immune response in male mice is mediated by an anterior-posterior insula circuit.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Brain-body physiology: Local, reflex, and central communication.

Cell·2024
Same author

No democracy, no academia.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2023
Same author

Beyond the symptom: the biology of fatigue.

Sleep·2023
Same author

Cancer neuroscience: State of the field, emerging directions.

Cell·2023
Same journal

FAM234A acts as a switch between Th17 and Treg cell fate decisions that control inflammatory bowel disease.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2026
Same journal

Targeting SPP1 requires moving beyond ligand blockade.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2026
Same journal

USP9X trims STAT1 to curb oncostatin M activity and intestinal inflammation.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2026
Same journal

Itaconate induces noncanonical AIM2-dependent PANoptosis in sepsis.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2026
Same journal

EZH2: an epigenetic governor of T-cell Ca<sup>2+</sup> homeostasis.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2026
Same journal

Vimentin trogocytosis as a novel mechanism of NK cell exhaustion by circulating tumor cells.

Cellular & molecular immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse
09:37

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Published on: December 26, 2019

14.3K

Immunoception: the insular cortex perspective.

Asya Rolls1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Department of Neuroscience, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. rolls.asya@gmail.com.

Cellular & Molecular Immunology
|June 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain monitors and regulates the immune system through immunoception, creating an immunengram trace. This review explores these neuroimmune interactions, particularly within the insular cortex.

Keywords:
Inflammationbrainsympathetic

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Ultrastructural Basis of Retinal Synaptic Connectivity and Neurotransmitter Localization in Mice
05:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Ultrastructural Basis of Retinal Synaptic Connectivity and Neurotransmitter Localization in Mice

Published on: July 12, 2024

425
A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
07:35

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva

Published on: July 5, 2017

10.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse
09:37

Imaging the Human Immunological Synapse

Published on: December 26, 2019

14.3K
Author Spotlight: Understanding the Ultrastructural Basis of Retinal Synaptic Connectivity and Neurotransmitter Localization in Mice
05:15

Author Spotlight: Understanding the Ultrastructural Basis of Retinal Synaptic Connectivity and Neurotransmitter Localization in Mice

Published on: July 12, 2024

425
A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
07:35

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva

Published on: July 5, 2017

10.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Psychoneuroimmunology

Background:

  • Systemic neuroimmune interactions are crucial for health and disease.
  • Immunoception describes bidirectional communication between the brain and immune system.
  • The brain actively monitors and regulates immune system activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define immunoception and immunengrams.
  • To review the current understanding of neuroimmune interactions.
  • To focus on the insular cortex's role in these processes.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual review of neuroimmune signaling.
  • Discussion of neuronal and tissue-based information storage (immunengrams).
  • Focus on the insular cortex as a key brain region.

Main Results:

  • Immunoception involves constant brain monitoring of immune status.
  • The brain regulates the immune system for synchronized responses.
  • Immunengrams represent immune system states within neural and tissue traces.

Conclusions:

  • Immunoception and immunengrams are key concepts for understanding neuroimmune communication.
  • The insular cortex plays a significant role in processing and representing immune information.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can illuminate health and disease processes.