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Kawasaki disease (KD) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in a Middle Eastern patient cohort

Lemis Yavuz1,2, Sarmad AlHamdani3, Samah Alasrawi4

  • 1Al Jalila General Pediatric Department, Al Jalila Children's Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. osmanlames@hotmail.com.

Pediatric Rheumatology Online Journal
|June 29, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease (KD) and Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) share similarities but have distinct features. This study developed a formula to differentiate between KD and MIS-C, suggesting MIS-C may be a severe variant of KD.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) and Multi-system Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) are pediatric inflammatory conditions with overlapping clinical presentations.
  • Differentiating between KD and MIS-C is crucial for appropriate management and understanding disease spectrums.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive characteristic study of KD and MIS-C in the Middle East.
  • To develop a formula for differentiating between KD and MIS-C based on clinical and laboratory findings.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive comparative study was conducted in the United Arab Emirates.
  • Retrospective cohorts of KD and MIS-C patients (January 2017-August 2021) were analyzed.
  • Clinical and laboratory data were compared between groups and with literature data.

Main Results:

  • 123 patients were analyzed: 67 with KD and 56 with MIS-C.
  • MIS-C patients were older (median 7.3 years vs. 2.2 years for KD) and presented more gastrointestinal symptoms (84% vs. 31%).
  • KD showed higher white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, ESR, and platelets, while MIS-C had elevated procalcitonin and ferritin. Cardiac dysfunction and PICU admission were higher in MIS-C.

Conclusions:

  • KD and MIS-C exhibit significant similarities, suggesting they may exist on a similar clinical spectrum.
  • Distinct differences indicate MIS-C could represent a severe variant of KD.
  • A novel formula was developed to aid in differentiating between KD and MIS-C.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19Fever in childrenInflammatory diseaseKDMIS-CPediatrics

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