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Updated: Jul 25, 2025

Microsatellite DNA Genotyping and Flow Cytometry Ploidy Analyses of Formalin-fixed Paraffin-embedded Hydatidiform Molar Tissues
Published on: October 20, 2019
[The human zona pellucida: New genetic findings]
Daria Trocka1, Anne-Pascale Satie2, Célia Ravel3
1Medical university of Bialystok, 15-089, Bialystok, Pologne.
Abstract:
The Zona Pellucida (ZP) is an ovarian specialized extracellular coat surrounding the oocyte. In human, ZP is composed of four glycoproteins: ZP1, ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4. It regulates sperm binding to the oocyte during fertilization. After fertilization, ZP prevents polyspermia and is important for the protection of the developing embryo and oviductal transport avoiding ectopic implantation. According to the development of sequencing techniques, many mutations have been described in infertile patients. The aim of this review is to synthesize mutations in genes encoding ZP glycoproteins described in humans and their effects on female fertility.
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