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Soil microbial ecology is defined by highly diverse, spatially structured communities that drive nutrient cycling, organic matter turnover, and overall ecosystem stability. Although a gram of soil can contain thousands of bacterial and archaeal taxa, the ecological processes they mediate are even more crucial for sustaining terrestrial life.Microhabitats and NichesSoil is a heterogeneous mixture of minerals, organic matter, water, and air. Microbes inhabit distinct microhabitats formed by...
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Baseline investigation on soil solidification through biocementation using airborne bacteria.

Meiqi Chen1, Sivakumar Gowthaman2, Kazunori Nakashima3

  • 1Laboratory of Biotechnology for Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

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Airborne bacteria offer a novel solution for microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) challenges. This study identified resilient ureolytic bacteria from air samples, demonstrating their effectiveness in enhancing soil strength for biocementation applications.

Keywords:
airborne bacteriabacterial identificationmicrobial induced carbonate precipitationunconfined compressive strengthurease activity

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Microbiology
  • Geotechnical Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) via ureolysis is efficient for biocementation but limited by bacterial survivability in real-world conditions.
  • Existing MICP methods struggle with bacterial adaptability and resilience in complex field environments.
  • Addressing these limitations is crucial for advancing biocementation technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore airborne bacteria as a source of resilient ureolytic microorganisms for MICP.
  • To identify and characterize airborne ureolytic bacteria with enhanced survivability.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of selected airborne bacteria in improving soil strength through MICP.

Main Methods:

  • Air sampling in a cold region (Sapporo, Hokkaido) using an air sampler.
  • Isolation and screening of urease-positive bacteria, followed by 16S rRNA gene analysis.
  • Evaluation of bacterial growth patterns and activity across a temperature range (15°C–35°C).
  • Sand solidification tests using selected bacterial strains to assess MICP efficiency and unconfined compressive strength.

Main Results:

  • 12 out of 57 urease-positive isolates were identified, with four selected for further evaluation.
  • Selected *Lederbergia* strains demonstrated robust growth and activity within the tested temperature range.
  • Sand solidification tests showed significant improvements in unconfined compressive strength (4–8 MPa) after MICP treatment.
  • The study confirmed the high efficiency of MICP using selected airborne bacterial strains.

Conclusions:

  • Airborne environments are a promising source for isolating resilient ureolytic bacteria for MICP.
  • The identified airborne bacteria show potential for overcoming survivability challenges in field applications.
  • This research opens new avenues for MICP applications by leveraging the resilience of airborne microorganisms.
  • Further research is needed to assess airborne bacteria performance in dynamic environmental conditions.