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Immunological dysfunction and mast cell activation syndrome in long COVID
Stevent Sumantri1, Iris Rengganis2
1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Banten, Indonesia.
Asia Pacific Allergy
|June 30, 2023
Summary
Long COVID-19 affects millions globally, causing immune dysregulation and organ dysfunction. Research suggests a link to mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), offering new treatment avenues.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
- Postviral Syndromes
Background:
- Long COVID-19 impacts over 65 million people worldwide, primarily affecting the 36-50 age group.
- Patients experience multi-organ dysfunction, long-term sequelae, and reduced quality of life.
- Overlapping risk factors with other postviral syndromes suggest broader research benefits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the immunological underpinnings of long COVID-19.
- To investigate the role of mast cell activation in long COVID-19 pathophysiology.
- To assess the potential of targeting mast cell activation for patient recovery.
Main Methods:
- Review of immune system dysregulation in long COVID-19.
- Analysis of mast cell activation markers and cytokine profiles.
- Comparison of long COVID-19 clinical presentation with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS).
Main Results:
- Long COVID-19 involves immune dysregulation, including T-cell changes, innate immune hyperactivity, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Persistent SARS-CoV-2 reservoirs and post-infection consequences contribute to the condition.
- Activated mast cells with abnormal granulation and excessive cytokine release are observed.
Conclusions:
- Long COVID-19 shares clinical similarities with mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS).
- Diagnosing and treating MCAS in long COVID-19 patients may alleviate symptoms.
- Managing mast cell-mediated hyperinflammation could aid long-term recovery in long COVID-19 patients.
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