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Reference blood pressure values obtained using the auscultation method for 2-year-old Japanese children: from the
Naoya Fujita1, Hidetoshi Mezawa2, Kyongsun Pak3
1Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, 4267-Chome, Morioka-cho, Obu, Aichi, 474-8710, Japan. fujita708@hkg.odn.ne.jp.
Insights
Established reference blood pressure (BP) values for 2-year-old Japanese children using auscultation are now available. This study provides crucial BP percentiles for pediatric health monitoring in Japan.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Cardiovascular Health
- Biostatistics
Background:
- Lack of established reference blood pressure (BP) values for Japanese children measured by auscultation.
- Need for accurate BP data for early detection and management of pediatric hypertension.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish reference BP values for 2-year-old Japanese children using auscultation.
- To compare the efficacy of the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method with the polynomial regression model for BP data analysis.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional analysis of data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) birth-cohort.
- Auscultatory BP measurements performed in triplicate on 3361 children aged 2 years.
- Reference BP values estimated using the LMS method and compared with polynomial regression models.
Main Results:
- The LMS method demonstrated higher validity for estimating reference BP values compared to the polynomial regression model.
- Provided 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile reference values for systolic and diastolic BP in boys and girls.
- Example: For 2-year-old boys at the 50th percentile height, systolic BP is 91 mmHg and diastolic BP is 52 mmHg.
Conclusions:
- Successfully determined and provided reference blood pressure values for 2-year-old Japanese children.
- These reference values, obtained via auscultation, are vital for pediatric health assessment in Japan.
Background:
Reference blood pressure (BP) values for Japanese children based on a large number of measurements by auscultation have not yet been established.
Methods:
This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from a birth-cohort study. The data from the sub-cohort study conducted for children at the age of 2 years in the Japan Environment and Children's Study from April 2015 to January 2017 were analyzed. BP was measured via auscultation using an aneroid sphygmomanometer. Each participant was measured in triplicate, and the average value of two consecutive measurements with a difference of less than 5 mmHg was recorded. The reference BP values were estimated using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method and compared with those obtained via the polynomial regression model.
Results:
Data from 3361 participants were analyzed. Although the difference between the estimated BP values by the LMS and the polynomial regression model was small, the LMS model was more valid based on the results of the fit curve of the observed values and regression models for each model. For 2-year-old children with heights in the 50th percentile, the 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile reference values of systolic BP (mmHg) for boys were 91, 102, 106, and 112, and that for girls were 90, 101, 103, and 109, respectively, and those of diastolic BP for boys were 52, 62, 65, and 71, and that for girls were 52, 62, 65, and 71, respectively.
Conclusion:
The reference BP values for 2-year-old Japanese children were determined based on auscultation and were made available.
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